World Vision began an assessment study in Musosolokwe in July 2009. It was found that the target area was hampered by insufficient health facilities, ill-equipped schools and a lack of food security. Children had to walk long distances to reach medical centres that were inadequately stocked, schools lacked necessary items like desks and learning materials and food was not available all year round. Recognising these needs, the Musosolokwe ADP began its initiatives in April 2010.

The harsh landscape in Musosolokwe deprives children of a fair chance at education. Children have to cover over 25 km to reach one of three schools in the area. Flooding also destroys roads and flood waters can wash away and drown children.

In addition, there is a high rate of malaria, diarrhoea and malnutrition among children. This leads to high mortality and stunted growth in children, which further perpetuates poverty in Musosolokwe.

Also, over 40% of children have only one meal a day due to poor crop harvest as a result of bad weather conditions and poor farming methods. Alternative sources of income are hard to come by, and natural resources in Musosolokwe are slowly being exploited by the community to earn more income.

World Vision Singapore has been funding Yaya Gulele ADP since its inception in 2007. Working in tandem with national governmental policies and other agencies for the eradication of poverty and transformational development in Ethiopia, this programme seeks to help families in the target areas achieve livelihood security on a sustainable basis. 

Ethiopia ranks 173 out of 189 countries on the 2017 Human Development Index. The average household income is US$100 per month and 34.7% of the population live below the poverty line. A majority of the population are farmers engaged in mixed cultivation and livestock rearing. 

In Yaya Gulele ADP, more than 50% of children have not gained functional literacy. Inadequate school materials and limited access to updated teaching methodologies contribute to students not being engaged in school. As such, they prefer to do income generating activities like farming instead of going to school.

Also, there is a high level of need in the areas of healthcare, sanitation and clean water. The causes are poor sanitation practices, poor waste disposal and open defecation. Due to the inability to have a balanced diet and age appropriate food, mothers and children are malnourished.

World Vision began an assessment study in Musosolokwe in July 2009. It was found that the target area was hampered by insufficient health facilities, ill-equipped schools and a lack of food security. Children had to walk long distances to reach medical centres that were inadequately stocked, schools lacked necessary items like desks and learning materials and food was not available all year round. Recognising these needs, the Musosolokwe ADP began its initiatives in April 2010.

The harsh landscape in Musosolokwe deprives children of a fair chance at education. Children have to cover over 25 km to reach one of three schools in the area. Flooding also destroys roads and flood waters can wash away and drown children.

In addition, there is a high rate of malaria, diarrhoea and malnutrition among children. This leads to high mortality and stunted growth in children, which further perpetuates poverty in Musosolokwe.

Also, over 40% of children have only one meal a day due to poor crop harvest as a result of bad weather conditions and poor farming methods. Alternative sources of income are hard to come by, and natural resources in Musosolokwe are slowly being exploited by the community to earn more income.

World Vision started an ADP in 2014 after a thorough assessment of Ende in 2012. Measured against standard indicators of economic development needs, Ende emerged as an area where the vulnerability of children needed to be urgently addressed. 

In Ende, traditional attitudes towards children are harsh and unsympathetic. They are viewed as free labour and are often denied their right to study so that they can work to supplement the family income. Cases of physical and sexual abuse are not taken seriously and are unreported or left unsolved, affecting and scarring children emotionally and mentally. 

In terms of healthcare concerns, the main issues that compromise the health of children are the lack of access to clean water, the prevalence of unhygienic behaviours and poor sanitation systems. Approximately 40% of the community practices open defecation as there are no proper toilets. 

Also, Ende's economic development falls behind national statistics. Their main source of income is agriculture but the productivity of existing farming methods is low due to a lack of understanding, poor management, pests and diseases. 

Sindhuli is one of the poorest and most deprived areas in Nepal, ranking 56 out of 75 districts in the national poverty deprivation list. World Vision began an assessment study into this area in April 2012 and found the needs of the mainly minority ethnic groups here compelling. Hence, the Sindhuli ADP began its work in Oct 2013.

The majority of the people in the ADP are dalits (untouchables) and indigenous Janajati. These groups are among the poorest people in Nepal. They depend on agriculture, manual labour and seasonal migrant labour for their livelihoods.

In terms of education, the illiteracy rate in the ADP is 60%. Parents of poor families do not value the education of their children. Rather, they send their children to work at an early age to supplement family income, and it is common for children to drop out of school at the primary level.

Children from Dalit and Janajati communities are also more vulnerable to malnutrition and childhood illnesses, which hinders their growth and development.

World Vision has been working in Takeo province since 1997. Originally, the Area Development Programme (ADP) covered only two of twelve communes in Kirivong District. From October 2014, the ADP expanded its target area to another commune, Kiri Chong Kaoh, so as to impact a greater number of children and their families. Kirivong ADP now covers 27 villages in three communes.

Most of the people in Kirivong ADP are engaged in rice farming, and some families also raise animals such as cows, pigs and chickens. But the community faces food shortages three to six months a year.

In addition, the literacy rate in Kirivong district is at 41%. Where education is concerned, enrolment rates at primary and secondary levels are high. But two in 10 children drop out of school before Grade 9 due to poverty, poor school facilities including lack of school teachers, and the need to help support their families’ incomes.

Access to safe drinking water is also problematic. Most villagers have to travel long distances to collect water in the dry season.

World Vision has been involved with Sri Lanka’s tea estate workers for many years and Lindula ADP is an extension of this work. Tea plantation workers have been marginalised in Sri Lanka for a very long time. Originally brought in from South India over 150 years ago, they were eventually exploited for work and isolated from the rest of the country. World Vision’s interventions focus on the well-being of children to ensure that their health, nutrition, education and social needs are met.

In Lindula ADP, majority of the people work as pickers and labourers in the tea estates. They are paid daily, and when work is not available, they face a severe shortage of income.

Also, children lack proper education, and 45% of the population under 12 years old are illiterate. This is due to long travel distances, poor transport facilities and lack of finances for education resulting in a dropout rate of 14.5%, almost 10 times the national average.

In terms of healthcare and child protection challenges, 74% of people live in dismal housing. Whole families live in a single room that is linked to others to form a “line house”. There is little ventilation, no privacy, and conditions are often unsanitary. Only 67.1% of households have their own latrines and the remaining families share common latrines or defecate in open areas.

World Vision started an ADP in 2014 after a thorough assessment of Ende in 2012. Measured against standard indicators of economic development needs, Ende emerged as an area where the vulnerability of children needed to be urgently addressed. 

In Ende, traditional attitudes towards children are harsh and unsympathetic. They are viewed as free labour and are often denied their right to study so that they can work to supplement the family income. Cases of physical and sexual abuse are not taken seriously and are unreported or left unsolved, affecting and scarring children emotionally and mentally. 

In terms of healthcare concerns, the main issues that compromise the health of children are the lack of access to clean water, the prevalence of unhygienic behaviours and poor sanitation systems. Approximately 40% of the community practices open defecation as there are no proper toilets. 

Also, Ende's economic development falls behind national statistics. Their main source of income is agriculture but the productivity of existing farming methods is low due to a lack of understanding, poor management, pests and diseases. 

World Vision started an ADP in 2014 after a thorough assessment of Ende in 2012. Measured against standard indicators of economic development needs, Ende emerged as an area where the vulnerability of children needed to be urgently addressed. 

In Ende, traditional attitudes towards children are harsh and unsympathetic. They are viewed as free labour and are often denied their right to study so that they can work to supplement the family income. Cases of physical and sexual abuse are not taken seriously and are unreported or left unsolved, affecting and scarring children emotionally and mentally. 

In terms of healthcare concerns, the main issues that compromise the health of children are the lack of access to clean water, the prevalence of unhygienic behaviours and poor sanitation systems. Approximately 40% of the community practices open defecation as there are no proper toilets. 

Also, Ende's economic development falls behind national statistics. Their main source of income is agriculture but the productivity of existing farming methods is low due to a lack of understanding, poor management, pests and diseases. 

World Vision started an ADP in 2014 after a thorough assessment of Ende in 2012. Measured against standard indicators of economic development needs, Ende emerged as an area where the vulnerability of children needed to be urgently addressed. 

In Ende, traditional attitudes towards children are harsh and unsympathetic. They are viewed as free labour and are often denied their right to study so that they can work to supplement the family income. Cases of physical and sexual abuse are not taken seriously and are unreported or left unsolved, affecting and scarring children emotionally and mentally. 

In terms of healthcare concerns, the main issues that compromise the health of children are the lack of access to clean water, the prevalence of unhygienic behaviours and poor sanitation systems. Approximately 40% of the community practices open defecation as there are no proper toilets. 

Also, Ende's economic development falls behind national statistics. Their main source of income is agriculture but the productivity of existing farming methods is low due to a lack of understanding, poor management, pests and diseases. 

World Vision has been working in Takeo province since 1997. Originally, the Area Development Programme (ADP) covered only two of twelve communes in Kirivong District. From October 2014, the ADP expanded its target area to another commune, Kiri Chong Kaoh, so as to impact a greater number of children and their families. Kirivong ADP now covers 27 villages in three communes.

Most of the people in Kirivong ADP are engaged in rice farming, and some families also raise animals such as cows, pigs and chickens. But the community faces food shortages three to six months a year.

In addition, the literacy rate in Kirivong district is at 41%. Where education is concerned, enrolment rates at primary and secondary levels are high. But two in 10 children drop out of school before Grade 9 due to poverty, poor school facilities including lack of school teachers, and the need to help support their families’ incomes.

Access to safe drinking water is also problematic. Most villagers have to travel long distances to collect water in the dry season.

Sindhuli is one of the poorest and most deprived areas in Nepal, ranking 56 out of 75 districts in the national poverty deprivation list. World Vision began an assessment study into this area in April 2012 and found the needs of the mainly minority ethnic groups here compelling. Hence, the Sindhuli ADP began its work in Oct 2013.

The majority of the people in the ADP are dalits (untouchables) and indigenous Janajati. These groups are among the poorest people in Nepal. They depend on agriculture, manual labour and seasonal migrant labour for their livelihoods.

In terms of education, the illiteracy rate in the ADP is 60%. Parents of poor families do not value the education of their children. Rather, they send their children to work at an early age to supplement family income, and it is common for children to drop out of school at the primary level.

Children from Dalit and Janajati communities are also more vulnerable to malnutrition and childhood illnesses, which hinders their growth and development.

World Vision started its operations in Antique province in 1984 through a church partner. Over the years, the scope of work expanded and transited into longer term development programmes. With an established presence in the area, World Vision has been able to bring people together and empower local leaders and partners to make a difference for children in their community.

The Antique province has the highest rate of malnutrition in the entire Western Visayas region. With malnutrition present in the target community, children face an increased risk of wasting, stunted growth, respiratory illnesses and impaired brain development.

26% of the population in Antique live below the national poverty line. In several vulnerable families, men and boys work as sakadas, or sugarcane farmers, which is perilous work and does not generate much income. In order to ensure their families can afford basic necessities, men and boys work in other provinces and young women work as maids.

Low income levels have far reaching implications on children. It can lead to them dropping out of school to work in order to support their family. As parents are focused on finding food for the family, other responsibilities are left behind. The lack of parental guidance often leads to children engaging in delinquent behaviour.

World Vision started its operations in Antique province in 1984 through a church partner. Over the years, the scope of work expanded and transited into longer term development programmes. With an established presence in the area, World Vision has been able to bring people together and empower local leaders and partners to make a difference for children in their community.

The Antique province has the highest rate of malnutrition in the entire Western Visayas region. With malnutrition present in the target community, children face an increased risk of wasting, stunted growth, respiratory illnesses and impaired brain development.

26% of the population in Antique live below the national poverty line. In several vulnerable families, men and boys work as sakadas, or sugarcane farmers, which is perilous work and does not generate much income. In order to ensure their families can afford basic necessities, men and boys work in other provinces and young women work as maids.

Low income levels have far reaching implications on children. It can lead to them dropping out of school to work in order to support their family. As parents are focused on finding food for the family, other responsibilities are left behind. The lack of parental guidance often leads to children engaging in delinquent behaviour.

World Vision began an assessment study in Musosolokwe in July 2009. It was found that the target area was hampered by insufficient health facilities, ill-equipped schools and a lack of food security. Children had to walk long distances to reach medical centres that were inadequately stocked, schools lacked necessary items like desks and learning materials and food was not available all year round. Recognising these needs, the Musosolokwe ADP began its initiatives in April 2010.

The harsh landscape in Musosolokwe deprives children of a fair chance at education. Children have to cover over 25 km to reach one of three schools in the area. Flooding also destroys roads and flood waters can wash away and drown children.

In addition, there is a high rate of malaria, diarrhoea and malnutrition among children. This leads to high mortality and stunted growth in children, which further perpetuates poverty in Musosolokwe.

Also, over 40% of children have only one meal a day due to poor crop harvest as a result of bad weather conditions and poor farming methods. Alternative sources of income are hard to come by, and natural resources in Musosolokwe are slowly being exploited by the community to earn more income.

World Vision has been working in Takeo province since 1997. Originally, the Area Development Programme (ADP) covered only two of twelve communes in Kirivong District. From October 2014, the ADP expanded its target area to another commune, Kiri Chong Kaoh, so as to impact a greater number of children and their families. Kirivong ADP now covers 27 villages in three communes.

Most of the people in Kirivong ADP are engaged in rice farming, and some families also raise animals such as cows, pigs and chickens. But the community faces food shortages three to six months a year.

In addition, the literacy rate in Kirivong district is at 41%. Where education is concerned, enrolment rates at primary and secondary levels are high. But two in 10 children drop out of school before Grade 9 due to poverty, poor school facilities including lack of school teachers, and the need to help support their families’ incomes.

Access to safe drinking water is also problematic. Most villagers have to travel long distances to collect water in the dry season.

Sindhuli is one of the poorest and most deprived areas in Nepal, ranking 56 out of 75 districts in the national poverty deprivation list. World Vision began an assessment study into this area in April 2012 and found the needs of the mainly minority ethnic groups here compelling. Hence, the Sindhuli ADP began its work in Oct 2013.

The majority of the people in the ADP are dalits (untouchables) and indigenous Janajati. These groups are among the poorest people in Nepal. They depend on agriculture, manual labour and seasonal migrant labour for their livelihoods.

In terms of education, the illiteracy rate in the ADP is 60%. Parents of poor families do not value the education of their children. Rather, they send their children to work at an early age to supplement family income, and it is common for children to drop out of school at the primary level.

Children from Dalit and Janajati communities are also more vulnerable to malnutrition and childhood illnesses, which hinders their growth and development.

World Vision has been working in Takeo province since 1997. Originally, the Area Development Programme (ADP) covered only two of twelve communes in Kirivong District. From October 2014, the ADP expanded its target area to another commune, Kiri Chong Kaoh, so as to impact a greater number of children and their families. Kirivong ADP now covers 27 villages in three communes.

Most of the people in Kirivong ADP are engaged in rice farming, and some families also raise animals such as cows, pigs and chickens. But the community faces food shortages three to six months a year.

In addition, the literacy rate in Kirivong district is at 41%. Where education is concerned, enrolment rates at primary and secondary levels are high. But two in 10 children drop out of school before Grade 9 due to poverty, poor school facilities including lack of school teachers, and the need to help support their families’ incomes.

Access to safe drinking water is also problematic. Most villagers have to travel long distances to collect water in the dry season.

World Vision started an ADP in 2014 after a thorough assessment of Ende in 2012. Measured against standard indicators of economic development needs, Ende emerged as an area where the vulnerability of children needed to be urgently addressed. 

In Ende, traditional attitudes towards children are harsh and unsympathetic. They are viewed as free labour and are often denied their right to study so that they can work to supplement the family income. Cases of physical and sexual abuse are not taken seriously and are unreported or left unsolved, affecting and scarring children emotionally and mentally. 

In terms of healthcare concerns, the main issues that compromise the health of children are the lack of access to clean water, the prevalence of unhygienic behaviours and poor sanitation systems. Approximately 40% of the community practices open defecation as there are no proper toilets. 

Also, Ende's economic development falls behind national statistics. Their main source of income is agriculture but the productivity of existing farming methods is low due to a lack of understanding, poor management, pests and diseases. 

World Vision started an ADP in 2014 after a thorough assessment of Ende in 2012. Measured against standard indicators of economic development needs, Ende emerged as an area where the vulnerability of children needed to be urgently addressed. 

In Ende, traditional attitudes towards children are harsh and unsympathetic. They are viewed as free labour and are often denied their right to study so that they can work to supplement the family income. Cases of physical and sexual abuse are not taken seriously and are unreported or left unsolved, affecting and scarring children emotionally and mentally. 

In terms of healthcare concerns, the main issues that compromise the health of children are the lack of access to clean water, the prevalence of unhygienic behaviours and poor sanitation systems. Approximately 40% of the community practices open defecation as there are no proper toilets. 

Also, Ende's economic development falls behind national statistics. Their main source of income is agriculture but the productivity of existing farming methods is low due to a lack of understanding, poor management, pests and diseases. 

World Vision has been working in Takeo province since 1997. Originally, the Area Development Programme (ADP) covered only two of twelve communes in Kirivong District. From October 2014, the ADP expanded its target area to another commune, Kiri Chong Kaoh, so as to impact a greater number of children and their families. Kirivong ADP now covers 27 villages in three communes.

Most of the people in Kirivong ADP are engaged in rice farming, and some families also raise animals such as cows, pigs and chickens. But the community faces food shortages three to six months a year.

In addition, the literacy rate in Kirivong district is at 41%. Where education is concerned, enrolment rates at primary and secondary levels are high. But two in 10 children drop out of school before Grade 9 due to poverty, poor school facilities including lack of school teachers, and the need to help support their families’ incomes.

Access to safe drinking water is also problematic. Most villagers have to travel long distances to collect water in the dry season.

World Vision has been working in Takeo province since 1997. Originally, the Area Development Programme (ADP) covered only two of twelve communes in Kirivong District. From October 2014, the ADP expanded its target area to another commune, Kiri Chong Kaoh, so as to impact a greater number of children and their families. Kirivong ADP now covers 27 villages in three communes.

Most of the people in Kirivong ADP are engaged in rice farming, and some families also raise animals such as cows, pigs and chickens. But the community faces food shortages three to six months a year.

In addition, the literacy rate in Kirivong district is at 41%. Where education is concerned, enrolment rates at primary and secondary levels are high. But two in 10 children drop out of school before Grade 9 due to poverty, poor school facilities including lack of school teachers, and the need to help support their families’ incomes.

Access to safe drinking water is also problematic. Most villagers have to travel long distances to collect water in the dry season.

World Vision has been involved with Sri Lanka’s tea estate workers for many years and Lindula ADP is an extension of this work. Tea plantation workers have been marginalised in Sri Lanka for a very long time. Originally brought in from South India over 150 years ago, they were eventually exploited for work and isolated from the rest of the country. World Vision’s interventions focus on the well-being of children to ensure that their health, nutrition, education and social needs are met.

In Lindula ADP, majority of the people work as pickers and labourers in the tea estates. They are paid daily, and when work is not available, they face a severe shortage of income.

Also, children lack proper education, and 45% of the population under 12 years old are illiterate. This is due to long travel distances, poor transport facilities and lack of finances for education resulting in a dropout rate of 14.5%, almost 10 times the national average.

In terms of healthcare and child protection challenges, 74% of people live in dismal housing. Whole families live in a single room that is linked to others to form a “line house”. There is little ventilation, no privacy, and conditions are often unsanitary. Only 67.1% of households have their own latrines and the remaining families share common latrines or defecate in open areas.

World Vision has been involved with Sri Lanka’s tea estate workers for many years and Lindula ADP is an extension of this work. Tea plantation workers have been marginalised in Sri Lanka for a very long time. Originally brought in from South India over 150 years ago, they were eventually exploited for work and isolated from the rest of the country. World Vision’s interventions focus on the well-being of children to ensure that their health, nutrition, education and social needs are met.

In Lindula ADP, majority of the people work as pickers and labourers in the tea estates. They are paid daily, and when work is not available, they face a severe shortage of income.

Also, children lack proper education, and 45% of the population under 12 years old are illiterate. This is due to long travel distances, poor transport facilities and lack of finances for education resulting in a dropout rate of 14.5%, almost 10 times the national average.

In terms of healthcare and child protection challenges, 74% of people live in dismal housing. Whole families live in a single room that is linked to others to form a “line house”. There is little ventilation, no privacy, and conditions are often unsanitary. Only 67.1% of households have their own latrines and the remaining families share common latrines or defecate in open areas.

World Vision has been involved with Sri Lanka’s tea estate workers for many years and Lindula ADP is an extension of this work. Tea plantation workers have been marginalised in Sri Lanka for a very long time. Originally brought in from South India over 150 years ago, they were eventually exploited for work and isolated from the rest of the country. World Vision’s interventions focus on the well-being of children to ensure that their health, nutrition, education and social needs are met.

In Lindula ADP, majority of the people work as pickers and labourers in the tea estates. They are paid daily, and when work is not available, they face a severe shortage of income.

Also, children lack proper education, and 45% of the population under 12 years old are illiterate. This is due to long travel distances, poor transport facilities and lack of finances for education resulting in a dropout rate of 14.5%, almost 10 times the national average.

In terms of healthcare and child protection challenges, 74% of people live in dismal housing. Whole families live in a single room that is linked to others to form a “line house”. There is little ventilation, no privacy, and conditions are often unsanitary. Only 67.1% of households have their own latrines and the remaining families share common latrines or defecate in open areas.

World Vision has been involved with Sri Lanka’s tea estate workers for many years and Lindula ADP is an extension of this work. Tea plantation workers have been marginalised in Sri Lanka for a very long time. Originally brought in from South India over 150 years ago, they were eventually exploited for work and isolated from the rest of the country. World Vision’s interventions focus on the well-being of children to ensure that their health, nutrition, education and social needs are met.

In Lindula ADP, majority of the people work as pickers and labourers in the tea estates. They are paid daily, and when work is not available, they face a severe shortage of income.

Also, children lack proper education, and 45% of the population under 12 years old are illiterate. This is due to long travel distances, poor transport facilities and lack of finances for education resulting in a dropout rate of 14.5%, almost 10 times the national average.

In terms of healthcare and child protection challenges, 74% of people live in dismal housing. Whole families live in a single room that is linked to others to form a “line house”. There is little ventilation, no privacy, and conditions are often unsanitary. Only 67.1% of households have their own latrines and the remaining families share common latrines or defecate in open areas.

World Vision began an assessment study in Musosolokwe in July 2009. It was found that the target area was hampered by insufficient health facilities, ill-equipped schools and a lack of food security. Children had to walk long distances to reach medical centres that were inadequately stocked, schools lacked necessary items like desks and learning materials and food was not available all year round. Recognising these needs, the Musosolokwe ADP began its initiatives in April 2010.

The harsh landscape in Musosolokwe deprives children of a fair chance at education. Children have to cover over 25 km to reach one of three schools in the area. Flooding also destroys roads and flood waters can wash away and drown children.

In addition, there is a high rate of malaria, diarrhoea and malnutrition among children. This leads to high mortality and stunted growth in children, which further perpetuates poverty in Musosolokwe.

Also, over 40% of children have only one meal a day due to poor crop harvest as a result of bad weather conditions and poor farming methods. Alternative sources of income are hard to come by, and natural resources in Musosolokwe are slowly being exploited by the community to earn more income.

World Vision Singapore has been funding Yaya Gulele ADP since its inception in 2007. Working in tandem with national governmental policies and other agencies for the eradication of poverty and transformational development in Ethiopia, this programme seeks to help families in the target areas achieve livelihood security on a sustainable basis. 

Ethiopia ranks 173 out of 189 countries on the 2017 Human Development Index. The average household income is US$100 per month and 34.7% of the population live below the poverty line. A majority of the population are farmers engaged in mixed cultivation and livestock rearing. 

In Yaya Gulele ADP, more than 50% of children have not gained functional literacy. Inadequate school materials and limited access to updated teaching methodologies contribute to students not being engaged in school. As such, they prefer to do income generating activities like farming instead of going to school.

Also, there is a high level of need in the areas of healthcare, sanitation and clean water. The causes are poor sanitation practices, poor waste disposal and open defecation. Due to the inability to have a balanced diet and age appropriate food, mothers and children are malnourished.

World Vision has been working in Takeo province since 1997. Originally, the Area Development Programme (ADP) covered only two of twelve communes in Kirivong District. From October 2014, the ADP expanded its target area to another commune, Kiri Chong Kaoh, so as to impact a greater number of children and their families. Kirivong ADP now covers 27 villages in three communes.

Most of the people in Kirivong ADP are engaged in rice farming, and some families also raise animals such as cows, pigs and chickens. But the community faces food shortages three to six months a year.

In addition, the literacy rate in Kirivong district is at 41%. Where education is concerned, enrolment rates at primary and secondary levels are high. But two in 10 children drop out of school before Grade 9 due to poverty, poor school facilities including lack of school teachers, and the need to help support their families’ incomes.

Access to safe drinking water is also problematic. Most villagers have to travel long distances to collect water in the dry season.